Fretting fatigue damage occurs at the contact region between two metallic materials, in relative motion, in the presence of a load, and has been known to dramatically reduce the fatigue life of components. The fretting fatigue damage affects the surface and subsurface characteristics of the components. This study presents an investigation of changes in the surface roughness and the surface residual stress in shot peened specimens of Ti-6Al-4V caused by fretting fatigue. The results of surface roughness and residual stress measured on samples subjected to varying degrees of fretting damage are presented. The surface roughness of fretted surfaces was quantified through power spectrum analysis and compared with the unfretted surface. An increase in surface roughness with increasing damage has been observed. The residual stress measured on same samples shows that it relaxes as the damage is increased. The results of surface roughness and surface residual stress are discussed along with microscopic analysis of fracture surface of the samples to understand the role of surface properties in detecting the onset of fretting fatigue damage.