Variability of Bulk Residual Stress Predictions as a Result of Critical Heat Treatment Parameters and Control

Bulk residual stresses that develop during the final cooling of a forging pre-determines whether a component will be distortion free during machining or be inherently problematic to machine.  A review of development efforts aimed at the sources of bulk residual stresses have identified several critical parameters which control the variability in the final bulk residual stresses.  The sensitivity of these parameters on final residual stresses will be presented.