J. Walters, M. Foster, R. Shankar, Scientific Forming Technologies Corporation, Columbus, OH

Summary: Process modeling for large deformation metal forming processes has been developed into a very successful tool in commercial applications during the last two decades. DEFORM™ is a well-known metal forming process simulation program used by many industrial and research institutions. Applications in heat treatment, machining and product assembly have been reported over the past ten years. Recent developments included the ability to model microstructure, grain size and other metallurgical information during large deformation processes. Additionally, the interaction between processes can be analyzed through modeling. Industrial examples of machining and heat-treat distortion, as well as quench cracking will be discussed.