Characterization of Quenchants to Reduce Distortion Using Numerical Simulation and Validation

There are many sources of distortion. Manufacturing process, including initial forming, machining processes, and grinding, all contribute to residual stress. A large source of residual stress and distortion is the heat treating and quenching step. In this study, small components of SAE 1080 are neutral hardened after stamping. Excessive distortion was observed on many components. A study was conducted to reduce the distortion of the heat-treated components while maintaining proper hardness and microstructure. An initial numerical study was conducted using Transvalor SIMHEAT to simulate the effect the use of the existing oil at elevated temperatures on the distortion and microstructure of a high distortion part. A second oil selected to operate at higher temperatures than the existing oil (longer life and reduced oxidation) was also examined. Using SIMHEAT numerical simulation software, the two oils were compared for predicted distortion, hardness, and microstructure. The results of the study were validated empirically. The results of this study are shown.