Refill friction stir spot welding of quiet aluminum

Refill friction stir spot welding was used to demonstrate effective joining of quiet aluminum. Characterization of joining quite aluminum alloys, and these alloys to other monolithic alloys are presented showing that structural bonding may be achieved. Interfacial characterization is presented showing how the polymer interlayer influences joint properties. Details are presented related to process specific strategies that enable joining without disturbing the polymer layer at the center of the quiet aluminum.