Evaluating Compressive Performance and Internal Structure of Simulated Martian and Lunar Regolith for Extraterrestrial Construction

As space agencies and private entities intensify efforts toward lunar and Martian exploration, the use of in-situ materials becomes increasingly critical for sustainable off-Earth construction. This study explores the feasibility of utilizing simulated Martian and Lunar regolith as structural materials by evaluating the mechanical performance and microstructural characteristics of compressed pellet specimens.

Cylindrical pellets were formed using compression molding of regolith simulants under varying pressure conditions. This allowed for a systematic investigation of how forming pressure influences mechanical response, including compressive strength, modulus, and failure behavior. Advanced measurement techniques such as digital image correlation (DIC) were employed to visualize strain evolution during mechanical testing.

Microstructural analysis using optical microscopy revealed insights into particle packing, inter-particle bonding, and density gradients within the samples. These findings were correlated with mechanical test results to determine how compaction levels impact structural integrity.

The outcomes of this work contribute to our understanding of regolith-based construction methods for future extraterrestrial habitats and infrastructure. The insights gained may guide the development of pressure-optimized forming processes and support the integration of regolith-derived materials in additive manufacturing and construction systems for lunar and Martian environments