Critical materials impose a hard constraint on industrial growth, exposing the limits of traditional mining models in the face of rising demand, supply chain dependencies, sustainability requirements, and geopolitical risk. This panel examines industry-led approaches beyond “business-as-usual,” including advanced processing technologies, materials substitution, and system-level supply optimization. Panelists will also address procurement and end-user challenges from supply volatility to qualification and business model risk. The discussion will examine how material availability is directly shaping product architecture, performance tradeoffs, and innovation timelines across critical technology sectors.