D. Qiu, M. Zhang, L. Grondahl, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Titanium based implants are the most commonly used load bearing implants due to their high specific strength, relatively low elastic modulus close to human bones and superior corrosion resistance in human body fluid. However, the low bioactivity and poor adhesion with surrounding tissues increases the risk of implant loosening and even failure. Accordingly, surface treatment of the titanium scaffold is considered as a highly critical technique to overcome the present weakness. In this paper, we will present a novel bioactive and gradient porous coating method that has the potential to deliver more durable implants with a quicker healing process. Preliminary experimental results indicate that most pores in the coating are inter-connected open pores while the pore size is adjustable from 50 mm to 150 mm, which falls in the recommended pore size range for bone growth and nutrition transportation. The porosity decreases from 60% to 30% along with the depth of coating to alleviate the mismatch of elastic modulus. The key advantage of this technique over conventional plasma spraying is the uniform incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA) and titanium particles in the coating. The majority of HA particles are exposed to the free surface and they are likely to induce bone cell attachment and growth during the healing process. The presented technique also provides higher binding force between the coating and scaffold than the conventional bead sintering technique, and hence it will potentially result in a stronger in-growth of bone tissue into the coating. More quantitative studies through in-vitro and in-vivo tests are being undertaken for evaluating the bioactivity of the composite porous coating.