Osteogenesis On Titanium Surfaces with Different Roughness Using Cell Culture Technique

In the 1960’s Brånemark and colleagues, based on clinical research developed a dental implant system using a direct attachment to bone structure without an interposed soft tissue. This phenomenon called osseointegration involves biomechanical aspects and it is not yet completely understood. In several studies it has been verified that the titanium implant surface treatment, for example, surfaces treated with grit-blasting and acid etching, has demonstrated to be the main factor to osteogenesis and subsequently osseointegration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenesis phenomenon in 18 different dental implants surfaces (G01 to G18), varying the preparation parameters. Hfob 1.19 osteoblastic cells in an “in vitro” assay were used to evaluate cell viability and proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization nodules formation. These parameters were compared to the mean roughness levels in the different groups. It was defined a new mathematical model using similarity techniques in engineering based on index to quantify the osteogenesis level through osteogenic parameters measured on different surfaces. The different surfaces influenced the osteogenic parameters and the cell growth analysis. Higher cell growth was observed for group G04 (granulometry: 240, time: 3s, distance: 10cm, pressure: 20 bar, acid etching: room temperature for 30 min) and the lower cell response was observed for group G07 (granulometry; 280, time: 3s, distance: 10cm, pressure: 20 bar, acid etching: 60^oC for 30 min). Cell growth changes can be explained by statistical analysis that showed the groups were statistically different (P <0.01) in relation to mean roughness.