J. H. Hwang, T. Y. Hur, O. J. Kweon, J. R. Park, Hyundai Heavy Industries, Co, LTD., Ulsan, South Korea
Contact tips of a copper alloy containing 0.77wt.%Cr for welding were produced with a variation of manufacturing process conditions such as solution annealing temperature, cold drawing rate and ageing time. For all tips hardness as well as microstructure was evaluated. All the solution annealed tips of above 950C up to 1070C showed to have the same matrix hardness of about 47HV even though they revealed slightly different microstructural characteristics in Cr solubility of the copper matrix. But the aged hardness was influenced by its Cr solubility and showed higher hardness when it was annealed at higher solution temperature. This is, of course, caused by which higher solution annealed one bears more Cr element and can extract more Cr element as precipitate from the matrix during ageing. Cold drawing after solution annealing also increases the hardness of matrix by cold work hardening effect, but there is an upper limit in the achieved hardness. The hardness increased proportionally with increase of cold drawing rate up to 40% but above 40% of cold drawing rate showed nearly same level of about 115HV. But the hardness behavior after ageing according to prior cold drawing rate was slightly different in comparison with the case of cold drawing. The aged hardness of 30% cold drawn specimen reached about 150HV from 115HV, while of 50% cold drawn specimen rather decreased to 110HV from 115HV. Generally, a larger cold drawn specimen recrystallizes much faster than the one with a smaller cold drawn due to the higher density of dislocations, which reduces the activation energy for recrystallization. Thus it could be analogized that in the larger cold drawn specimen recrystallization was predominant while in the smaller one precipitation was predominant. Based on the results, an optimum manufacturing process that maximizes the hardness of contact tip was designed for application.
Summary: Aged hardness of Chromium-Copper alloy was affected by prior solution temperature as well as ageing time and an optimum condition to maximize the aged hardness was presented. Introduction of cold drawing between solution annealing and ageing contributed to increase of hardness. Finally, an optimum manufacturing process was designed for application.