Nuclear energy is one of the most promising sources of primary energy for large scale, carbon dioxide-free production of hydrogen for current industrial uses and the coming Hydrogen Economy. Nuclear energy can be used to generate electricity for use in conventional electrolysis units to make hydrogen. Advanced techniques are now under development to use high temperature electrolysis and thermochemical water-splitting processes to produce hydrogen from high temperature nuclear reactors with higher efficiency and lower cost. These processes have unique materials challenges due to the high temperatures needed and the process fluids used. This paper will summarize the state of development of nuclear production of hydrogen and will discuss the specific materials challenges and materials development needs of the candidate hydrogen production processes.