A vehicle range of 500 kilometers range on a single tank of hydrogen is required for economic viability and this requires the storage of 4 kg of H2. Storage concepts being considered and evaluated include: 1) compressed H2, 2) liquid H2, 3) bulk storage in hydrides, 4) surface adsorption on carbon and boron nitride nanotubes and 5) generation by chemical reaction of a hydride with water. Compressed H2 tanks with a capacity of about 2 kg of H2 stored at 350 bar of pressure have been certified while tanks with higher capacity stored at 700 bar are being developed. Liquidified H2 tanks can store more H2 in a vehicle than compressed H2 but liquifying H2 requires considerable energy and boil-off of liquid H2 is a concern, especially in enclosed spaces. Storage of H2 in bulk hydrides or on the surface of carbon or boron nitride nanotubes is attractive because of the low pressures involved. Recent studies have shown that NaAlH4 can be reversibly charged and discharged with H2 100’s of times but the capacity of this hydride material is only about 1/2 of that needed. Carbon nanotubes have the potential to store about 80% of the desired quantity of H2 but verification of the storage capacities has not occurred. Generation of H2 by chemical reaction of a hydride such as LiH with water to produce H2 is also attractive because of the significant amounts of H2 that can be generated by this process. The key issues for this process is the need to reprocess the reaction products and the cost associated with transportation and reprocessing this product. There are several options for storing hydrogen on-board a vehicle but considerable development work is needed before the hydrogen economy can be realized. Critical materials issues associated with H2 storage will be presented.