A. Singh, Y. Lee, W. J. Dressick, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC
Bioactive, self-decontaminating, ultrathin, multilayer films consisting of organophosphate hydrolyzing enzyme, organophosphorous hydrolase (OPH) are coated on substrates differing in size shape and flexibility depending on the final application. Micron-sized glass and polycyclodextrin catalytic particles were packed in cartridges to remove pesticides from water, while cotton and glass fabrics were used for making protective clothing and masks for protection of individuals and environment from toxic agents. Coatings consisted of the enzyme(s) as bioactive component, which was embedded within Polyelectrolyte multilayers. Because of their affinity towards methyl parathion, poly cyclodextrin particles were used, both as packing material and also as carrier for enzyme OPH. Hydrolysis of methyl parathion was instantaneous in a batch reactor. In a flow through system, the activity of the enzyme was 10 fold superior to that of batch reactor. Results show that in a continuous flow reactor, with a resident time of 1.9 minute 99% of 100 mM, 15% methanol solution of methyl parathion (MPT) was hydrolyzed. Superiority of the system is evidenced by the fact that the enzyme in the multilayers stayed functional for 21 days without interrupting the continuity of the flow. Similarly, clothes (cotton and glass fibers) showed sustained activity against methyl parathion for more than 12 cycles (2.48 mg MPT hydrolyzed/g cloth/120 minutes). Each cycle lasted for 18 hours when the clothes were transferred to fresh MPT solution. We will discuss the applicability of the system to protect the individuals against chemical agents and biotoxins.
Summary: Light-weight, hazmat free, biocatalytic protective coatings are prepared. Ultrathin, catalytic coatings deposited on fabric and filter materials can destroy chemical and biological agents upon contact.