Long-term targets like new bridge model or high efficient power plant model are arranged basically as national projects that are run mainly by NIMS under closer collaboration with related societies and private sectors including end-users. At the same time, a variety of smaller and shorter-range targets are coordinated by NIMS with private companies according to individual theme. An interesting feature is a linkage among a steel-maker, a fabricator, and an assembler to put ultra steels into practical use with new technologies.