Filters used for ultrafine particles sampling are classified as fibrous filters, membrane filters, and granular-bed filters. Generally, fibrous filters are a widely used technology for the removal of fine particulates.  HEPA and ULPA filters are the most common type of system air filter used to remove fine particulate.  They offer high efficiency, low pressure drop and good loading characteristics.  With the increase of the nanotechnology industry, there is a need of a better understanding about filter collection performance and efficiency.  Filtration is a process which is used to control the particulate fluxes in exhaust streams during a various manufacturing and laboratory processes.  Filtration becomes a key factor, particularly in relation to environmental and health concerns. A fiber filtration technique, piloted during a laboratory machining process, was tested by using various filter configurations and set-up parameters.   This pilot study addresses how current filtration techniques are effective for reducing particle emission during machining process.  The aim of this project is to experimentally evaluate the performance of HEPA and ULPA filters in terms of particle capture efficiency under different operational conditions. Further work will concentrate on other filter or pre-filter configurations, and particle kinetics in the presence of electrical fields and various filter media.