Modeling the Dynamic Deformation of Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composites under External Influences

This study aimed to create a comprehensive fully coupled electro-thermomechanical model for predicting the dynamic shape-changing behavior of Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composites (SMAHCs), considering ambient temperature and static mechanical loads. SMAHCs hold great potential for various engineering applications due to their lightweight properties and their ability to undergo significant deformations. However, energy consumption and dynamic behavior are critical when using these materials in practical applications. Environmental conditions, such as ambient temperature and external loads, significantly impact these critical factors.

The model developed in this study addresses these critical aspects of shape-adaptive SMAHCs and allows for predicting their behavior in real-world applications to aid in developing SMAHC applications and design related peripherals.

The approach involves subdividing the hybrid composite into multiple domains and reducing their spatial dimensions. The Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) model was simplified as a 1D lumped capacitance model and distinguished between austenitic and one martensitic variant. The SMA model was coupled with the mechanical and thermodynamic domains of the surrounding structure, both reduced to two dimensions. The mechanical domain was described by solving the bending beam's differential equation using elastic theory, while the thermodynamic domain was modeled as a 2D heat transfer problem.

The model was experimentally validated, and it was found that despite the simplifications and model reductions, the dynamic behavior of shape-adaptive SMAHCs, even when subjected to external mechanical loads and varying environmental temperatures, is accurately captured. This capabilities makes it particularly well-suited for feasibility studies.