E. W. Reutzel, S. M. Kelly, R. P. Martukanitz, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA; M. M. Bugarewicz, P. Michaleris, Penn State University, University Park, PA

Summary: Two separate experiments are performed to develop improved understanding of the relationships between the numerous Laser-GMA hybrid welding process parameters and the process results, including weld quality and buckling. Sensing, parameter development, and simulation are used to explore this blossoming technology.