Support programs for carers of patients with dementia have been developed in many centers specialising in the diagnosis and treatment of cognitive disorders. Several studies have demonstrated that intensive support reduces caregiver burden, increases coping ability, and improves psychological as well as physical well-being. Furthermore, controlled studies in Australia, Canada, and in the United States have demonstrated that dementia carer support programs lower the likelihood for patients of being admitted to nursing homes. This effect is of particular importance because institutional care accounts for the largest part of the economic burden which dementia puts on society. A study conducted in Finland found no difference between active intervention and a control program. The negative finding may be due to the small sample size. A multi-national study in Australia, UK, and USA will be completed shortly. In Switzerland and Germany controlled studies investigating health economic effects of caregiver support have been initiated. Features associated with the efficacy of carer support programs include small groups (5 to 10 participants), a minimum number of group sessions (6 to 10), emphasis on the participants' individual problems and needs, combination of education and emotional support, long-term contact (one year or longer), information on available help, and reinforcement (telephone conferences, home visits, or refresher sessions).
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