A. R. Bandar, R. Shankar, D. W. T. Wu, Scientific Forming Technologies Corporation, Columbus, OH
Two separate microstructure models, one empirical and one mechanism-based, designed to predict precipitation strengthening, are integrated into the Finite Element Modeling (FEM) code DEFORMTM. These models attempt to predict gamma prime precipitation in nickel base superalloys, during both forming and heat treatment, and are ultimately intended to apply to a broader range of aerospace alloys. The empirical technique obeys the traditional Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) model, and the mechanism-based model employs a Cellular Automata (CA) microstructure-representation technique. Each microstructure model is informed with thermomechanical parameters such as strain, strain rate, and temperature, supplied by the FEM code, as well as transformation kinetics informed by the phase diagram. The CA model operates on a simulated but statistically-representative two-dimensional virtual microstructure. Material strength as a function of work hardening, recovery, and recrystallization in addition to precipitation are also discussed. Comparisons, strengths, and disadvantages of each model are presented.