Design and Validation of a Shape Memory Alloy–Based Solar Tracking System
Design and Validation of a Shape Memory Alloy–Based Solar Tracking System
Tuesday, May 5, 2026: 10:50 AM
This paper presents the development of an innovative solar tracking system based on Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators, conceived to overcome the high cost, complexity, and maintenance issues typically associated with traditional motor-and-gear mechanisms. Originally validated in high-precision Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) modules, this concept is now developing for monoaxial tracking applications with bifacial photovoltaic modules installed on rooftops, where compactness and reliability are primary requirements.
The system integrates SMA spring actuators with a novel LED matrix optical sensor that enables real-time alignment with solar rays. This compact configuration eliminates mechanical backlash and the need for lubricated joints, resulting in a simplified, robust, and maintenance-free design. Experimental validation under outdoor conditions confirmed stable operation and excellent tracking accuracy, achieving an absolute misalignment below 0.1 mm for over 90% of the tracking period. To assess long-term performance, the core components underwent accelerated lifetime testing designed to emulate more than 30 years of field operation. Results demonstrated outstanding actuator durability and repeatable thermomechanical behavior after thousands of cycles, confirming the system’s suitability for long-term deployment in outdoor environments.
The system integrates SMA spring actuators with a novel LED matrix optical sensor that enables real-time alignment with solar rays. This compact configuration eliminates mechanical backlash and the need for lubricated joints, resulting in a simplified, robust, and maintenance-free design. Experimental validation under outdoor conditions confirmed stable operation and excellent tracking accuracy, achieving an absolute misalignment below 0.1 mm for over 90% of the tracking period. To assess long-term performance, the core components underwent accelerated lifetime testing designed to emulate more than 30 years of field operation. Results demonstrated outstanding actuator durability and repeatable thermomechanical behavior after thousands of cycles, confirming the system’s suitability for long-term deployment in outdoor environments.