Kenneth Rockwood, Sandra Black, Andrew Kertesz, Howard Feldman on behalf of the Consortium to Investigate Vascular Impairment of Cognition.
Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) is a term used to refer to a collection of syndromes in which cognitive impairment is seen in relation to cardio- and cerebro-vascular disease. The characterization of VCI includes three main clinical subtypes (Vascular Cognitive Impairment No Dementia, Vascular Dementia, and Mixed Alzheimer disease/VaD). Here we report the types and patterns of non-cognitive behavioural symptoms in patients with VCI and its subtypes.
The data come from the Consortium to Investigate Vascular Cognition, a 3-year longitudinal study of VCI based in 9 Canadian memory clinics. Of 1347 patients, 323 met the criteria for VCI. The most common behavioural symptom reported was decreased initiative (61%), followed by decreased mood (33%). Using an index of 20 symptoms, the mean index value for VCI was 4.3 ± 2.5, compared with 3.5 ± 2.2 in patients diagnosed with probable AD. The highest index value was seen in those with VaD (4.65±2.7) and the lowest in those with Vascular CIND. In a multivariable model that included duration illness, MMSE, age, sex, education, VCI subtype, age and duration were most often associated with non-cognitive symptoms.
Non cognitive behavioural symptoms are common in VCI, commonly reflect frontal/subcortical impairment, and are associated with duration of illness.
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