BACKGROUND: Post Stroke Depression (PSD) is the most frequent affective disorder after a vascular insult. Its prevalence changes considerably and varies from 18 to 65% considering the method and instruments used, as well as the studied population characteristics. There are multiple variables related to post-stroke depression, the related risk factors are controversial; since we do not know the direct influence of them in the explicative biopsychosocial model .
OBJETIVE: Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. Describe and compare the frequency of depressive symptomathology and the functioning in patients above or below 60 years one year after suffering a stroke, such as the association with sex, gender and schooling.
DESIGN: A total of 129 patients (N= 129) were recruited from the Stroke Clinic at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico (NINN) in a time period of six months.
SETTING: Cognitive and Behavior Unity from the NINN Mexico.
SUBJECTS: From 129, patients 110 were tested, and only 102 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The sample comprised 45 males (44%) and 57 females (52%) which were divided in two age groups. The first one (GI) with 53 subjects (52%) under 60 years old and the second group (GII) 49 subjects (48%) above 60 years.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURMENTS: Beck Depression Inventory and Barthel Functional Index
RESULTS: We found a 68% general prevalence of PSD. Group GI had 29 subjects (41.4%) and the GII group had 41 (58.6%). Functioning levels were distributed in: high on 19 subjects (18.6%), medium on 32 patients (31.4%) and low on 51 (50%). In this group depression was observed in 7 (6.9%), 15 (14.7%) and 48 (47.1%) patients respectively with a correlation of rs=.699 (p<.01). The mean depression rating was 20.40 and 26.57 p<.001for GI and GII respectively. In relation to the age and depressive symptoms we found (OR= 4.24, 95% CI= 1.6-10.75), for gender and depression we found (OR=5.6, 95% CI= 1.36-23.09); for women in relation to men, for laterality was of (OR=3.9, 95% CI 1.6-9.4) for the left side. In the analysis of lineal regression high level of schooling and the low funtioning p<.01 were predictors for the presence of depression.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence found is similar to that reported in other studies of PSD. The age, gender, laterality and schooling level played and important role. This findings support the biopsychosocial model of PSD. The comprehensive intervention, the early treatment and the integral follow up of these patients could reduce the prevalence of PSD, as well as increase the possibility of improving the prognosis.
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